基督教護教學 - 粵語 (CLS-3415-25SU)

週二 Zoom：晚上 8-9:30（美國太平洋時間）

基督教護教學是基督教信仰的理性辯護和宣講。本課程將檢視聖經的基礎、實踐，以及與此學科相關的論點，並特別強調引導教會領袖有信心地分享及維護信仰，以及培養教會肢體定期分享及維護信仰。
Format

18 小時Zoom 的講座
27 小時在線視頻和測驗/考試

Duration

週二 Zoom：晚上 8-9:30（美國太平洋時間）
12周，6/24/25 - 9/9/2025

Instructor

Rev. Dr. Terry Fung 馮嘉樂博士/牧師

Language

粵語講座；練習和測驗可以用中文或英文完成

Weekly

每周約3小時的講座視頻和在線互動

Price

$180 - 3 學分

COURSE DESCRIPTION
課程簡介

Christian apologetics is the reasoned defense and proclamation of the Christian faith. This course will examine the biblical foundations, practice, and arguments cogent to the discipline with a special emphasis on leading church leaders to confidently share and defend the faith and to develop church members who share and defend their faith on a regular basis.

基督教護教學是對基督教信仰的理性辯護和宣揚。本課程將探討與該學科相關的聖經基礎、實踐和論點，特別強調引導教會領袖自信地分享和捍衛信仰，並培養定期分享和捍衛信仰的教會成員。

COURSE OBJECTIVES
課程目的

Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to: 成功完成本課程後，學生應該：


  1. Describe and explain basic aspects of specific apologetic arguments for the Christian faith. 描述並解釋基督教信仰的具體辯護論點的基本面。
  2. Understand the relevance of the Bible to apologetics for evangelistic effectiveness. 理解聖經與護教學對於傳福音有效性的相關性。
  3. Articulate and defend the Christian faith and various arguments for the Christian faith which are intellectually responsible and consistent with Scriptural teaching. 闡明和捍衛基督教信仰以及基督教信仰的各種論點，這些論點在理性上是負責任的，並且與聖經的教義一致。
  4. Distinguish and express the difference between apologetics as proof (giving a rational basis for faith), apologetics as defense (answering the objections of unbelievers to the faith), and apologetics as offense (exposing the foolishness of unbelieving thought). . 區分並表達作為證據的護教學（為信仰提供理性基礎）、作為辯護的護教學（回答不信者對信仰的反對意見）和作為冒犯的護教學（揭露不信思想的愚蠢）之間的區別。
  5. Acquire a heartfelt desire to present the gospel, persuade seekers of its truthfulness, and strengthen the faith of those who wrestle with objections to the gospel. 獲得傳播福音的真誠願望，說服尋求福音的人相信福音的真實性，並加強那些反對福音的人的信仰
  6. Have renewed desire for Christians to clearly understand biblical truths and apply them in their lives. 重新渴望基督徒清楚地理解聖經真理並將其應用於生活中。  


These objectives will be measured by class discussion, written exams, and research and writing. 這些目標將通過課堂討論、筆試、研究和寫作來衡量。



GRADING AND ASSIGNMENTS
評分和作業

Over the course of the semester, the following evaluation exercises will be used to determine the level of mastery of course content achieved by each class participant:


在整個學期中，將使用以下評估練習來確定每位課程參與者對課程內容的掌握程度：



1. Class attendance and participation 課堂出勤率和參與( (15%)
Each student is expected to attend class faithfully. Attendance is considered vitally important. If a student must be absent, he or she must get class notes from another student. One absence will be excused. Two absences will reduce the final grade, and more than two will result in failing the course. 每個學生都應該忠實地上課。出席被認為是至關重要的。如果一個學生必須缺席，他或她必須從另一個學生那裡得到課堂筆記。缺席一次將被原諒。兩次缺席將降低最終成績，兩次以上將導致課程不及格。

2. Reading Assignments 閱讀作業 (15%)
Students will read select portions of Groothuis [and any additional selected readings]. 學生將閱讀 (Groothuis) 格魯特豪斯 的精選部分[以及任何其他精選讀物]。

3. Apologetic/Evangelistic Encounters & Reflection 護教/傳福音的遭遇與反思 (30%)
Students will engage with at least four (4) non-Christian people over the course of the semester. The encounters should include the Gospel and a Christian worldview perspective, utilizing the apologetics principles learned in this course. Afterward, students will write a reflection paper, including: a summary, reflection on the encounters, which principles were effective/ineffective, and how the encounters could have been better. Reflection papers will be 2 pages. 在整個學期中，學生將與至少四 (4) 名非基督徒交流。這些遭遇應該包括福音和基督教世界觀的視角，並利用在本課程中學到的護教學原則。之後，學生將撰寫一篇反思論文，其中包括：總結、對遭遇的反思、哪些原則有效/無效以及如何改善遭遇。反思論文將有 2 頁。

4. Final exam 期末考試 (40%)
The final exam will be comprehensive, focusing on the material presented in the class lectures, Groothuis, and discussion throughout the semester.

Semester Grades 學期成績
Participation 參與      15%
Reading 閱讀               15%
Reflection 反思            30%
Fina 期末考試               40%
Total 合計                  100%






GRADING SCALE
評分等級



 A A-

 94-100 90-93
B+ B B-
87-89 84-86 80-83
C+ C C-
77-79 74-76 70-73
D+ D D-
67-69 64-66 60-63

 F

0-59

LECTURES AND ASSIGNMENTS
講座與作業

This course will span 12 weeks. Students set aside about 4 hours each week to watch recorded lectures and participate in online interaction. Assignments include weekly quizzes, mid-term examination, final examination, and a research paper.

本課程為期 12 週。學員每週預留約4小時的時間，觀看錄影講座並參與線上互動。 作業包括每週小測驗、期中考試、期末考試和研究論文。


提交格魯特豪斯9-10章閱讀報告
Week 周 Lecture 講座 Reading 閱讀  Assignment 作業
1  Introduction to the Course
Overview of Apologetics
Biblical foundations & History
課程簡介
護教學概述
聖經基礎與歷史		 Groothuis: chapter 1-2, Appendix 2
格魯特豪斯  1-2 章 附錄 2
2 Methodology 方法論 Groothuis: chapter 3
格魯特豪斯  3 章		 提交格魯特豪斯3章閱讀報告
Online Video & Exercise 線視頻 和練習 Methodology 方法論 Willard: “Jesus the Logician” O/T: Intro
威拉德: 耶穌是邏輯學家 O/T: 簡介		 提交威拉德: 耶穌是邏輯學家及O/T: 簡介閱讀報告
3 Worldviews 世界觀 Groothuis: chapter 4-5
 格魯特豪斯  4-5 章		 提交格魯特豪斯4-5章閱讀報告
4 Truth 真理                 Groothuis: chapter 6-7
格魯特豪斯  6-7章  		 提交格魯特豪斯6-7章閱讀報告
5 Faith & Rationality 信仰與理性 Groothuis: chapter 8
格魯特豪斯  8章		 提交格魯特豪斯8章閱讀報告
Online Video & Exercise 線視頻 Faith & Rationality 信仰與理性 O/T: chapter 3 O/T: 3章 提交O/T 3章閱讀報告
6 Theism: Ontological 有神論：本體論 Groothuis: chapter 9-10
格魯特豪斯  9-10章		 Quiz
7 Theism: Cosmological & Design 有神論：宇宙論與設計論 Groothuis: chapter 11-12
格魯特豪斯  11-12章		 提交格魯特豪斯11-12章閱讀報告
Online Video & Exercise 線視頻 和練習 Theism: Cosmological & Design Theism: Cosmological & Design 有神論：宇宙論與設計論 O/T: chapter 5 O/T: 5章 提交O/T 5章閱讀報告
8 Theism: Origins, Darwinism, & ID 有神論：起源、達爾文主義與ID Groothuis: chapter 13-14
格魯特豪斯  13-14章		 提交格魯特豪斯13-14章閱讀報告
Online Video & Exercise 線視頻 和練習 Theism: Origins, Darwinism, & ID 有神論：起源、達爾文主義與ID O/T: chapter 9-10
O/T: 9-10章 		提交O/T 9-10章閱讀報告
9 Theism: Moral Argument & Religious Experience 有神論：道德論證與宗教經驗 Groothuis: chapter 15-16
格魯特豪斯 15-16章
O/T: 9-10章 		提交格魯特豪斯15-16章閱讀報告
Online Video & Exercise 線視頻 和練習 Theism: Humanity Theism: Jesus 有神論：人性 有神論：耶穌 Groothuis: chapter 17-18 Groothuis: chapter 19-20
格魯特豪斯 17-18章 格魯特豪斯 19-20章 		提交格魯特豪斯17-20章閱讀報告
10 Theism: Incarnation & Resurrection 有神論：道成肉身與復活 Groothuis: chapter 21-22 格魯特豪斯  21-22章 提交格魯特豪斯21-22章閱讀報告
Online Video & Exercise 線視頻 和練習 Theism: Incarnation & Resurrection 有神論：道成肉身與復活 Groothuis: Appendix 1 O/T: chapter 2
格魯特豪斯: 附錄 1 O/T: 2章 		提交附錄 1及 O/T: 2章閱讀報告
11 Pluralism 多元主義 Groothuis: chapter 23 O/T: chaper 12, 13
格魯特豪斯 23章 O/T: 12-13章 		提交格魯特豪斯23章及O/T: 12-13章閱讀報告
Online Video & Exercise 線視頻 和練習 Islam 伊斯蘭教 Groothuis: chapter 24
格魯特豪斯 24章 		提交格魯特豪斯24章閱讀報告
12 The Problem of Evil Reflection Paper DUE 邪惡的問題 反思論文到期 Groothuis: chapter 25-26
格魯特豪斯 25-26章 		提交格魯特豪斯25-26章閱讀報告及反思論文
13 Apologetics Paper DUE Final Exam
提交護教學論文 期末考試

REQUIRED TEXTBOOK
必備課本

*Groothuis (格魯特豪斯), Doug. Christian Apologetics: A Comprehensive Case for Biblical Faith. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2011.

*Oliphint, K. Scott and Lane G. Tipton [O/T]. Revelation and Reason: New Essays in Reformed Apologetics. P&R, 2007.

*Willard (威拉德), Dallas. “Jesus the Logician,” Christians Scholar’s Review, 1999, Vol. XXVIII, #4, 605-614. [https://dwillard.org/resources/articles/jesus-the-logician]


SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
精選參考書目

HELPFUL RESOURCES

Cowan, Steven B. and Terry L. Wilder, eds. In Defense of the Bible: A Comprehensive Apologetic for the Authority of Scripture. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2013.


Frame, John M. and Joseph E. Torres. Apologetics: A Justification of Christian Belief. 2nd ed. Philipsburg: P&R Publishing, 2015.

Geisler, Norman L. and Frank Turek. I Don't Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist. Wheaton: Crossway, 2004.

Geisler, Norman L. and Jason Jimenez. I Don't Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist: The Official Study Guide. Wheaton: Crossway, 2014.

Gould, Paul. Cultural Apologetics: Renewing the Christian Voice, Conscience, and Imagination in a Disenchanted World. Zondervan Academic, 2019.

McDowell, Josh and Sean McDowell. Evidence That Demands a Verdict: Life-Changing Truth for a Skeptical World. Updated and expanded. Thomas Nelson, 2017.

McLaughlin, Rebecca. Confronting Christianity: 12 Hard Questions for the World’s Largest Religion. Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2019.

Myers, Jeff. Understanding the Faith: A Survey of Christian Apologetics. David Cook, 2016.

Strobel, Lee. The Case for Christ: A Journalist's Personal Investigation of the Evidence for Jesus. Updated and expanded. Zondervan, 2016.

Van Til, Cornelius. Christian Apologetics. 2nd ed. Edited by William Edgar. P&R, 2003.

Wallace, J. Warner. Forensic Faith: A Homicide Detective Makes the Case for a More Reasonable, Evidential Christian Faith. Colorado Springs: David C. Cook, 2017.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 

Adams, Robert M. The Virtue of Faith: and Other Essays in Philosophical Theology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Audi, Robert, ed. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge Press, 1995.

Bahnsen, Greg L. Always Ready: Directions for Defending the Faith. Nacogdoches: Covenant Media Press, 2002.

Bauckham, Richard. Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006.

Brooks, Christopher. Urban Apologetics: Answering Challenges to Faith for Urban Believers. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2014.

Carson, D.A. Exegetical Fallacies. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1996.

Copan, Paul. Is God a Moral Monster? Grand Rapids: Baker, 2010.

Dembski, William A., ed. Mere Creation: Science, Faith & Intelligent Design. Downers Grove: IVP, 1998.

Dembski, William A & Jay Wesley Richards, eds. Unapologetic Apologetics: Meeting the Challenges of Theological Studies. Downers Grove: IVP, 2001.

Dulles, Avery. A History of Apologetics. Eugene: Wipf & Stock, 1999.

Evans, C. Stephen. The Historical Christ & The Jesus of Faith: The Incarnational Narrative as History. Oxford University Press, 1996.

Flint, Thomas P. Divine Providence: The Molinist Account. Cornell University Press, 1998.

Ganssle, Gregory E. and David M. Woodruff. God and Time: Essays on the Divine Nature. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Ham, Ken, and Bodie Hodge, eds. The New Answers: Book 1. Vols. 1-2. Green Forest: Master Books, 2006.

Helm, Paul. Eternal God: A Study of God without Time. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Kenny, Anthony. The God of the Philosophers. Oxford University Press, 1979.

Kreeft, Peter and Ronald Tacelli. Handbook of Christian Apologetics. Downers Grove: IVP, 1994.

Mitchell, C. Ben. Ethics and Moral Reasoning: A Student's Guide. Reclaiming the Christian Intellectual Tradition. Crossway, 2013.

Morris, Thomas V. Anselmian Explorations: Essays in Philosophical Theology. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1987.

Morris, Thomas V. The Logic of God Incarnate. Eugene: Wipf & Stock, 2001.

Naugle, David K. Philosophy: A Student's Guide. Reclaiming the Christian Intellectual Tradition. Crossway, 2012.

Plantinga, Alvin. God, Freedom, and Evil. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974.

Plantinga, Alvin. The Nature of Necessity. Oxford University Press, 1974.

Plantinga, Alvin. Warranted Christian Belief. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Ryken, Philip G. Christian Worldview: A Student's Guide. Reclaiming the Christian Intellectual Tradition. Crossway, 2013.

Rosen, Moishe. Y’shua: The Jewish Way to Say Jesus. Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1982.

Sennett, James F. ed. The Analytic Theist: an Alvin Plantinga Reader. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Swinburne, Richard. The Coherence of Theism: Revised Edition. Oxford University Press, 1993.

Swinburne, Richard. Faith and Reason. Oxford University Press, 1981.

Swinburne, Richard. Is there a God? Oxford University Press, 1996.

Van Til, Cornelius. The Defense of the Faith. Phillipsburg: P&R, 1955.

Wright, N. T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2003.






























































Course Lessons

Rev. Dr. Terry Fung 馮嘉樂博士/牧師

Rev. Terry Fung, PhD was born and raised in an ancestor-worshipped family in Hong Kong. Despite the repeated outreach from a Baptist church where he lived, he refused to give an ear to what they were selling as he was spiritually blind. Until the age of 23, God gave him a second chance to hear the gospel of Jesus Christ by sending him to London UK to receive his undergraduate education. God stirred up his heart to visit a Baptist church nearby. After the first visit, Terry went back home to pray on his own to confess his sins and to invite Jesus into his heart as his personal Savior and Lord.
God called Terry to the ministry and enabled him to get his Master of Divinity from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary and Doctor of Philosophy in Systematic Theology from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (Deerfield IL) in 1996 and 2000 respectively. Since his graduation from seminary, he had served in different churches in the States of CA, AZ, CT, and NV and taught theology to Master-level students in a seminary.
馮嘉樂牧師出生並成長在香港一個拜祖先的家庭。儘管他居住的浸信教會多次與他聯繫，但他拒絕傾聽他們所推銷的東西，因為他在屬靈上是盲目的。直到23歲，神給了馮嘉樂第二次聽到耶穌基督福音的機會，送他到英國倫敦接受大學教育。神激勵他去附近的浸信教會。當馮嘉樂第一次去教會之後，他回到家獨自禱告，承認他自己的罪，並邀請耶穌進入他的心裡，成為他個人的救主和生命的主。神呼召馮嘉樂加入事工，使他於1996年併且2000年先後獲得西南浸信會神學院的道學碩士學位和三一福音神學院（伊利諾伊州）的系統神學哲學博士學位。從神學院畢業後，馮嘉樂曾在不同的教會服事: 加利福尼亞州、亞利桑那州、康涅狄格州和內華達州; 並在神學院教授碩士神學生。